To compare the effect of lignocaine, ephedrine and combined Lignocaine and ephedrine pretreatment on pain on injection due To propofol in adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia- A one year hospital based randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

Background: The rapid recovery, safety, and minimal organ damage of Propofol, a sedative- hypnotic, is considered the drug of choice for inducing general anaesthesia. It does, however, have some negative effects, including injection discomfort, hypotension, and bradycardia. Propofol injection pain affects 80 percent to 90 percent of subjects. Pretreatment with lignocaine is the most popular way to reduce propofol-induced discomfort. Ephedrine is useful in the treatment of moderate hypotension as it stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Ephedrine is thought to improve the analgesic action of lignocaine. Thus, a synergistic impact of two drugs results in reduction of doses & adverse effects while increasing efficacy.

Objectives: To compare the effect of lignocaine, ephedrine and combined lignocaine and ephedrine on pain on injection and hemodynamic changes namely heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in patients posted for elective surgeries receiving i.v. propofol for induction of General Anaesthesia