Prospective observational study on serum Calcium and serum lactate ratio in acute Pancreatitis for predicting severity, Clinical outcome and hospital stay Duration at kles prabhakar kore hospital

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often progressing to severe disease characterized by organ dysfunction and extended hospital stays. Traditional prognostic indices like Ranson, BISAP, APACHE-II, and Balthazar are used to predict disease severity, with total serum calcium being included in some scales. Sustained global increases in cytosolic calcium (Ca²⁺) due to stimuli like bile and ethanol can lead to premature trypsinogen activation, vacuolization, and pancreatic acinar cell death in the pancreas, contributing to hypocalcemia. Elevated serum lactate, a marker of tissue hypoxia, has also been associated with poor outcomes in AP, suggesting that the serum calcium to serum lactate ratio may be a valuable predictor of disease severity than compared to individual marker Serum Calcium or Serum Lactate. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of serum calcium and serum lactate levels, and their ratio, in predicting the severity, clinical outcomes, and hospital stay duration in patients with acute pancreatitis.