A Cross Sectional Study Of Cesarean Sections - One Year Hospital Based Study At A Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background and Objective: Caesarean section has its own morbidity and mortality for mother and baby. There is rise in Caesarean section rate due to various reasons. The present study is undertaken to find out how safe the procedure is for mother and baby. The objective of the study is to find out the major indications, perioperative complications, maternal and fetal outcome of caesarean section. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted for one year in the teaching hospital hospital attached to KAHER’s J N Medical College, Belagavi. All the women who underwent cesarean section from January 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled into the study. The details regarding antenatal complications, indications, intra-operative complications and the outcome were collected through the case records and registers. These women and babies were followed until discharge. Sample size: From theCochran’s formula, n=(Z^2 P(1-P))/d^2 , 736 was the required sample for analysis. The actual sample size is 736. However, 1642 cases which had complete data as required for study, were analysed during the study period (2099 cases were screened, 457 cases were excluded as they did not meet the criteria). Results: Out of the 4232 deliveries during the study period, caesarean sections were 2099(49.5%) cases and vaginal deliveries were 2133(50.5%). Further analysis was done for 1642 cases. Among 1642 cases, 1511(92.1%) underwent emergency caesarean section and 131(7.9%) underwent elective cesarean section. The rate of primary section was 58.2% (955) and repeat section was 41.8% (687). Fetal distress 440(26.8%) was the commonest indication followed by Previous cesarean section not willing for VBAC (19.9%). Atonicity of uterus 152(9.2%) was the commonest intra-operative complication. A total of 1692 babies were delivered through caesarean section. There were 20 stillbirths and 17 neonatal deaths. The commonest cause for neonatal death was sepsis. Hypotension 60(3.65%) was the commonest intra-operative anesthetic complication. Conclusion: Though the cesarean section is commonly done procedure, it has its own complications. One must anticipate and be prepared for the complications before performing the procedure.