Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Known Diabetic Patients Of Rural Population Of Belgaum District – A One Year Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors among known diabetics in the rural population of Belgaum district. Design: A cross sectional population based study was carried out in the rural areas of Belgaum district, from January 2018- December 2018. A total of 340 patients were screened . They underwent detailed ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy. Clinical grading of diabetic retinopathy was based on ETDRS guidelines. Random blood sugar, blood pressure, height, weight, haemoglobin , serum creatinine and HbA1C were measured, after taking informed consent. Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was found to be 23.82 %. Of this, 19.11 % had NPDR and 3.53 % had PDR . 1.18 % had CSME. A statistically significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and duration of diabetes, HbA1C, smoking and family history of diabetes. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy as per this study is quite significant in rural Belgaum. The awareness regarding retinopathy as a complication of diabetes and the need for regular follow up is low in the rural population. Therefore, there is the need for regular , structured screening camps as well as the availability of basic vitreo retinal facilities at the primary level.