Intraoperative anatomy of the biliary tract:Variations and congenital anomalies and Implications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: one Year observational study at a tertiary care Teaching hospital in belagavi region of north Karnataka

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, the presence of anatomical variations and congenital anomalies in the extrahepatic biliary system can significantly complicate the procedure, increasing the risk of iatrogenic injuries such as bile duct injury, intraoperative hemorrhage, and postoperative complications. Accurate knowledge and identification of these variations are essential for surgical safety and improved outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and types of anatomical variations and congenital anomalies in the extrahepatic biliary system observed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to determine their clinical and surgical implications.