To Study Association Of Early Life Factors With Metabolic Syndrome In Adolescents Between 10-15 Yrs Of Age In Schools Of Belagavi City: A Case Control Study

Abstract

Background: There is an increase in the trend of development of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents’. The association between early life factors like birth weight, feeding situations and adolescent metabolic syndrome are not clearly understood. Objective: To study the association of early life factors with metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome prevalence in adolescents’ between age of 10- 15 years in the schools of Belagavi city. Methodology: This case control study was conducted in Adolescents’ between the age group of 10 to 15 years studying in 5th to 10th standard, during the period of January 2018 to December 2018, in the schools of Belagavi city. A total of 2050 adolescents’, from 15 selected schools (stratified by chit method of Belagavi city, were screened for metabolic syndrome. Out of the total adolescents’ screened, 400 (186- cases & controls-214) were enrolled as per the selection criteria. . The adolescents’ who were having waist circumference ≥90th percentile for that age and gender, using Khadilkar A et.al waist circumference percentile charts for Indian children were taken as cases and remaining were controls (age and gender matched). After enrolment, the student parents were requested to fill up a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire which include data regarding socio demographic and family characteristics, physical examination, vitals, dietic history, type and duration of physical activity including number of hours of media exposure, type of media exposure in the past week and early life factors like birth weight , total duration of breast feeding, exclusive breast feeding duration, time of initiation of breastfeeding. Results: Our study observed that, there was no protective association between the initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding duration, the total duration of breastfeeding and metabolic syndrome. (odds ratio of 3.66, 2.01, 1) respectively. Birth weight shows positive association with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 7.26). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the present was 11% (n=44), prevalence in cases was 15.05% (n=28) and in controls was 7.48 %(n=16). A significant positive association between the components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The present study showed no protective association between the initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding duration, the total duration of breastfeeding and metabolic syndrome. However Birth weight shows positive association with metabolic syndrome. This study shows that, there was increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study population.