Role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in children under five years of age: a one year hospital based cross sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition affecting both preterm and term neonates due to inadequate oxygen and blood supply to the brain. It occurs before, during, or after birth and leads to significant neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, cognitive deficits, and sensory disorders. The incidence of HIE is higher in developing countries, and its long-term consequences pose a major burden on patients, families, and healthcare systems. Introduction Early diagnosis of HIE is crucial for timely intervention and better outcomes. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, and MRI play a key role in detecting brain injuries. While transcranial ultrasound is the first-line investigation due to its accessibility, MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing HIE due to its superior sensitivity and specificity. MRI helps assess brain damage, monitor disease progression, and guide treatment strategies such as therapeutic hypothermia in neonates. This study evaluates the role of MRI in diagnosing HIE and its impact on clinical management. Objective This study aims to evaluate the role of the MRI in the evaluation of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in children under five years of age.