Vaginal micro biome and socio demographic determinants of spontaneous abortion in a tertiary care hospitals of north karnataka

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background:. Spontaneous abortion (SA) is the termination of a pregnancy without medical or mechanical intervention before the fetus is sufficiently developed to survive. In other words, miscarriage is early pregnancy loss before 20th week of gestation, or 139 days, counting from the first day of the last normal menses. At least 15-20% of pregnancies that are clinically detected end in spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. First trimester, or the first three months of pregnancy, accounts for around 80% of all incidences of pregnancy loss Numerous factors are linked to SA. Age, clotting disorders, immunological factors, infections, and genetic disorders are the significant risk factors associated with recurrent SA in Indian women, additionally, women whose first pregnancy resulted in miscarriage are more likely to experience another miscarriage during their second pregnancy compared to those with term pregnancies. More specifically, infections have been linked to 66% of late losses and 15% of early miscarriages. Lack of a thorough grasp of risk factors, differential diagnosis, and inadequate management planning can all make accurate diagnosis difficult, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and compare the vaginal microorganism of women experiencing SA of those who have continued pregnancy of the same gestational age, and also elucidate if certain sociodemographic and reproductive factors are associated with a higher risk of miscarriage, or if screening pregnant women for modifiable factors might lead to a lower pregnancy loss rate. xvi Objectives 1. To compare the vaginal microbiome in mothers who have undergone spontaneous abortion within 20 weeks of gestation and those who have continued pregnancy with same gestational age. 2. To determine the Socio demographic and Reproductive determinant of spontaneous abortion and compare it with the socio demographic and Reproductive determinants of mothers those who have continued pregnancy with same gestational age.