Assessment Of Quality Of Life In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using World Health Organization Quality Of Life Bref Questionnaire And Appraisal Of Diabetes Scale – A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the most common non communicable disease (NCD).The prevalence of GDM in India varies from 3.8 to 21% in different part of country, depending on geographical locations. In 2015, India had around 69.1 million people with Type 2 Diabetes, which is predicted to reach about 100 million in 2030 as estimated by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Belgium. Detrimental effect of diabetes has been noted on the quality of life of patients. Diabetes has had a notable impact on the Quality of life of patients. Patients are at an increased risk of micro and macro vascular complications. All this leads to a poor quality of life. This part of North Karnataka such studies are rare and thus a need for such study arises. OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients using WHO-QOL-BREF and ADS questionnaire. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional study was done in UHC Ashok Nagar, which is urban field practice area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi. Data was collected from 520 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients residing in the area of UHC Ashok Nagar. Information on socio demographic details and risk factors associated with T2DM were obtained. Quality of Life in T2DM patients was assessed using WHO-QOL-BREF and ADS questionnaire. Responses were graded as per the Likert scale from 1 – 5 (1 being very poor – 5 very good). RESULTS Majority of the participants reported with an average quality of life (52.1%). Sex life was the most affected domain, 34.6% of the participants reported with good home environment under WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire. Most of the participants reported as saying that it was very upsetting for them to have diabetes (mean of 3.20 ± 0.89) and the best response was observed in question number 7 ( To what degree does diabetes get in your way of developing life goals?) , with a mean of 2.48 ± 0.78 under Appraisal of Diabetes Scale. 38.1% participants belonged to 51-60 years of age group and mean age was 59.34 ± 9.16, 65.96% were Hindu by religion. A large number of study participants 29.8% had studied only up to primary level. As many 91.8% of the female participants were housewives and 44.3% of the male participants were involved in business. 66.92% of the participants were living in a joint family. 67.5% of the participants had a poor glycemic control with HbA1C levels >7%. Mean BMI of the study participants was 23.42 ± 2.62kg/m2 and 69.23% had a normal BMI. Positive association was observed with factors such as age, duration of diabetes mellitus, presence of co-morbidities, treatment modalities, education status and HbA1C levels and with p values <0.001. CONCLUSION In this study majority of the participants reported with an average quality of life. There is a need to screen all the individuals who are at risk of developing Type 2 DM and also need arises for better treatment facilities and timely counselling of all the patients affected with Type 2 DM so as to help them lead a better quality of life