correlation of interarm systolic blood pressure difference to ankle brachial index (abi) in detecting peripheral vascular disease in type two diabetes mellitus patients – a one year cross sectional study in kles dr. Prabhakar kore hospital and mrc, belgaum

Abstract

Background and objectives The ABI is useful in the diagnosis of both symptomatic and asymptomatic PVD. Interarm systolic blood pressure differences have been studied in patients with various manifestations of vascular disease. The present study was attempt to examine whether interarm differences in SBP and ABI correlate in diagnosing PVD among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology The present cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year from January 2013 to December 2013 in the Department of Medicine, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum. A total of 45 patients with type 2 diabetes having duration of ≥ 6 years were studied. All the patients were investigated for ABI and interarm systolic blood pressure difference. Results Most of the patients (62.22%) were males and male to female ratio was 1.64:1. 40% of the patients presented with age between 61 to 70 years. The duration of diabetes was between 10 to 15 years in 31.11% of the patients and mean duration was 20.04 ± 6.93 years. Most of the patients (42.22%) were on oral hypoglycaemic agents. The interarm systolic blood pressure difference of ≥10 mm Hg was noted in 37.78% of the patients. In patients with IASBP difference of ≥ 10 mm Hg, all the patients had PVD (100%) and mild and moderate PVD was present in 11.76% and 88.24% of the patients (p<0.001). The mean IASBP difference increased with severity of PVD (p<0.001). The linear correlation of ABI and IASBP difference showed strong negative correlation, depicting increase in IASBP difference with decrease in ABI and vice versa (R=-0.919; R2=0.8447; p<0.001) Conclusion and interpretation An IASBPD of ≥ 10 mm Hg prompts physician for signs of peripheral vascular disease.