A Cross Sectional Study Of Severe Pre Eclampsia And Hellp Syndrome In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Belagavi

Abstract

Background and objectives Pre-eclampsia still remains a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries and an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. This study was aimed to find out the incidence of severe pre eclampsia and HELLP syndrome, and to evaluate the maternal morbidity and mortality in women with pregnancy complicated by severe pre eclampsia. Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi for the period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016. During the study period there were 6236 number deliveries. Among them 597 women (9.57%) developed preeclampsia. Further 350 women had severe preclampsia. Out of which 312 women who satisfied selection criteria were selected for study. Results The incidence of severe preeclampsia after excluding was medical disorders like chronic hypertension, renal disease and epilepsy and gestational age of <24 weeks was 5%. The most common age group was 21 to 25 years (39.10%) and the mean age was 26.18±4.45 years. 24.68% of the women were induced for labour and the most common indication for the induction of labour was severe preeclampsia (47.83%). Most of the women (53.85%) had vaginal delivery and 46.15% of the women underwent LSCS and severe preeclampsia (25.00%) was the most common indication for LSCS. Complications were noted in 64 (20.51%) women and the most common complication was HELLP syndrome noted in 33 women (10.58%). Of them HELLP I was noted in 20 (60.91%) women. The other complications noted were abruption (8.33%), eclampsia (0.96%), pulmonary oedema (0.96%), renal failure and DIC (1.28% each). Majority of the women had live births (96.15%), while multiple gestation and IUD was noted in 2.24% and 1.60% of the women. Most of the babies (26.65%) weighed between 2.500 to 2.999 kg and the mean birth weight was 2.36±0.77 Kgs. At 5 minutes the mean APGAR score was 8.01±4.76. NICU admission was noted in 20.06% of the babies and the most common cause of NICU admission was LBW (39.06%) followed by fetal distress (28.13%). Conclusion and interpretation The present study showed incidence of severe preeclampsia as 5% and incidence of HELLP syndrome in women with severe preeclampsia as 10.57%. The other complications noted were abruption, eclampsia, pulmonary oedema, renal failure and DIC.