Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies and Assessment of Associated Risk Factors: a one-year hospital based study at KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are an important cause of perinatal mortality and lifelong disability. In India, congenital anomalies have been reported to be responsible for 15% of perinatal mortality, and are now known to be the third most common cause of perinatal mortality following infections and hypoxia, and it is likely to become the leading cause. Some of these congenital anomalies can be prevented. Therefore, it is important to understand the etiological factors and plan the preventive strategies. Early diagnosis is important and early surgical treatment when required can prevent neonatal death and help in better survival of the child. Aim and objectives: To study the prevalence of congenital anomalies among the total births occurring in department of OBG at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital Belagavi and to assess the significance of the associated risk factors. Materials and methods: The study undertaken is a hospital based study. All live born and still born babies diagnosed with congenital anomalies, delivering at the department of OBG of the hospital between January 2017 to December 2017 were included. System wise categorization of the anomalies was done using ICD 10. The prevalence is calculated and summarized data was analysed using descriptive statistical measures. Measures of frequency including percent are used. Prevalence was calculated. Assessment of each risk factor was done. Statistical analysis was done using Independent t test and Chi-square test. Results: Out of the total 5755 deliveries, total number of babies with congenital malformations was 111(1.92 %). CNS anomalies constituted 25.2% of the total anomalies, followed by genitourinary and CVS anomalies. Conclusion: CNS, genitourinary and cardiovascular abnormality constitutes the majority of cases. Antenatal evaluation of CNS and cardiovascular system in high risk mothers is essential. Awareness about preventable risk factors is also equally important.