Hospital Based Study On The Role Of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography In Classification And Diagnosis Of Macular Diseases At KLE’S Dr.Prabhakar Kore Hospital And Medical Research Centre Belagavi Hospital Based Study On The Role Of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography In Classification And Diagnosis Of Macular Diseases At KLE’S Dr.Prabhakar Kore Hospital And Medical Research Centre Belagavi

Abstract

Background and objectives Retinal disease is the primary cause of 12.7% of blindness in a population based surveys in India. Macular diseases are the most frequent constituiting 35.6% of all posterior segment disease. Macular diseases like Age Related Macular Degeneration, Central Serous Chorio Retinopathy, Diabetic Macular Edema, Vascular occlusive diseases can cause irreversible blindness and thus requires detailed evaluation and management. Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) acts as an important diagnostic modality in the evaluation of retinal disorders. It is very useful for tracing retinal lesions and it is conclusive in almost 80% of cases. It helps us to examine structures in macular region which are beyond the reach of direct ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography The objective of our study is 1. To assess the role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) in classification and diagnosis of macular diseases Methodology The present study was a hospital based one year study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, KLES Dr.Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi to study the role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) in classification and diagnosis of macular diseases during the period of 1stJanuary 2016 to 31st December 2016. The study was approved by the Ethical and Research Committee of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi. Detailed history was taken from the patient and a thorough ocular and systemic examination was done. All patients were examined by conventional methods of ophthalmoscopy (direct, indirect and slit lamp examination with +90 D lens) followed by a Fundus Fluorescein angiography. Ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiography findings were analyzed and categorized. Results In present study majority of the participants were males (63.6%).The mean age of the study population was 58.95 + 19.70 years. 66 participants were analyzed and sub-divided into categories of ARMD, Diabetic Maculopathy, vascular occlusive disorders, macular dystrophy, CSCR, inflammatory causes and macular hole. Majority of the participants were having ARMD (30.30%) and Diabetic Maculopathy (31.81%) where as 15.15% participants were having CSCR and 12.12% were having vascular occlusions. The least participants were having inflammatory causes followed by macular dystrophy and macular hole. FFA confirmed the diagnosis in 62.12. % of cases and altered the diagnosis in 37.87% cases. FFA has classified the lesions in 64% of cases. On statistical analysis there was 90.91% agreement between clinical ophthalmoscopy and FFA with P<0.001 which is found to be statistically significant.4.68% of the patients experienced only nausea as adverse reaction, no anaphylactic reaction was observed in our study. CONCLUSION FFA has played a major role in diagnosing wet ARMD, especially in diagnosing CNVM. It is a superior diagnostic modality in differentiating macular edema from macular ischaemia in vascular disorders .It is of immense value in confirming and classifying the lesions in diabetic maculopathy. FFA provides definitive diagnosis in CSCR by detecting the exact leakage points.FFA played a major role in diagnosing new vessels and planning for further treatment. FFA is a superior diagnostic tool and is a necessity for evaluating, localizing and classifying of lesions in macular diseases